Nigeria is ranked 6th among 30 high-burden TB countries globally and among the 14th countries for DRTB based on estimated incidence of MDR/RR TB. The national MDR/RR TB burden is estimated to be 21,000 annually, however, case notification is suboptimal, with only 2,384 cases diagnosed, representing an abysmally low 11% case notification rate in 2019. This huge notification gap can be attributed to low DSTB case finding, suboptimal access to rapid molecular diagnostics, challenging clinical and programmatic management system.

These revised guidelines outline key recommendations for the implementation of the all-oral, shorter regimen for DRTB treatment, including diagnosis and bacterial confirmation of drug resistance, treatment regimen design, monitoring of treatment efficacy and safety, and programmatic evaluation